The 'crucial' impact AI is having in New Zealand's classrooms

New Zealand classrooms have seen a significant transformation with the integration of advanced technologies, particularly artificial intelligence (AI), enhancing literacy skills and preparing students for a digitally-driven future.

Speaking with TechDay, Ministry of Education's Ellen MacGregor-Reid, discussed the changes that have come with the evolution.

"Technology is integral to teaching effectively in the 21st century, as most students are digital natives who have been using technology and devices from a very young age," she said. "However, technology should never be a substitute for excellent teaching - it should support it."

MacGregor-Reid believes network infrastructure plays "a crucial role" in this transformation.

"Network for Learning (N4L) continues to deliver improved network connectivity and infrastructure to kura and schools," she said. "The Ministry's Cyber Security Assurance team supports kura and schools to improve their cyber security, cyber safety, and privacy through the provision of guidelines and support."

"We're also piloting a Cyber Assistant Tool (CAT) that assesses schools' cyber security, safety, and privacy, then provides an action plan."

In terms of literacy, MacGregor-Reid explained that today's literacy also includes digital literacy.

"This extends beyond written or printed material to encompass any object or medium of expression that conveys meaning, whether through linguistic, visual, gestural, tactile, aural, or spatial modes," she explained.

"Teachers support students to design and create their own multimodal texts, taking into account technical skills, knowledge about tools, and cultural and ethical factors, such as representation and cultural appropriation."

The Ministry of Education has seen research that supports the positive impact of digital tools on students' literacy.

"Numerous studies have shown that digital tools can enhance reading comprehension, vocabulary, and writing skills," MacGregor-Reid noted. "The interactive and multimedia elements can make learning more engaging and enjoyable for children, encouraging them to spend more time on literacy activities."

"Technologies such as text-to-speech and speech-to-text software provide essential support for students with additional learning needs, enabling greater participation in literacy activities," she added.

However, she pointed out that the effectiveness of digital technologies depends significantly on the digital competency of both students and teachers.

"Proper integration into the curriculum, adequate teacher training, and addressing the digital divide are crucial for maximizing benefits. We know that the greatest influence on students' literacy achievement is the teacher and the pedagogies that the teacher uses to cause learning. One approach will not work in the same way for every child. Teachers need to use their judgment."

MacGregor-Reid also highlighted the success of the Manaiakalani Programme, where research has shown that using digital tools to support learning has positively impacted student progress and achievement.

Looking ahead, AI no doubt presents opportunities and challenges.

"There are opportunities and risks in harnessing generative AI in the classroom," MacGregor-Reid explained. "Because AI can acquire bias, students may not be aware that the answers given by AI apps may be incorrect or inaccurate. But through deliberate and discerning use by educators, this can also provide opportunities to teach learners critical thinking, particularly how to discern truth from less truthful responses."

"Blocking or banning AI is not necessarily the best approach in the long term; we need to strike a balance to maximize the benefits AI offers."

The New Zealand curriculum is evolving to include digital literacy as a core component.

"The draft technology learning area supports a breadth of essential digital learning that ākonga need to adapt and thrive now and be futures-ready," MacGregor-Reid explained.

"This content provides a strategic framework for ākonga to build their understanding and competencies from digital literacy to fluency, and towards the goal of digital agency."

When asked how she would summarise the importance of AI, MacGregor-Reid responded: "The integration of technology, including AI, offers unprecedented opportunities for educational innovation, but effective implementation requires careful consideration of digital literacy, teacher training, and equitable access to technology."

"By embracing these principles, New Zealand educators can maximize the benefits of AI while preparing students to navigate its complexities responsibly."